Employment Challenges and Retraining: Addressing the Needs of Pakistan in the Age of AI

ByAIFOD Published on

by Saba Imtiaz

About the author: Saba Imtiaz is an esteemed Director of Learning and CEO of Empower Group, distinguished for her transformative impact on education. Educated at the University of Roehampton with a Master’s in Educational Leadership, she excels in curriculum development and strategic educational planning. Her leadership at GEMS Education has notably enhanced student engagement and success, evident from a 20% increase in STEM involvement and maintaining a 100% A*-C pass rate in A-level Sciences. Recognized with the Global Business Excellence Award, Saba is a driving force in fostering academic excellence and teacher development, profoundly reducing educator turnover through her innovative professional development initiatives.

Abstract

This article explores the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on employment in Pakistan and the subsequent need for comprehensive retraining programs. AI poses both opportunities and challenges, particularly for sectors involving routine and repetitive tasks. We delve into the implications for key sectors such as manufacturing, agriculture, and services, and propose strategies for retraining and upskilling the workforce. By examining case studies and initiatives in Pakistan, we highlight best practices and recommend steps to ensure AI serves as a catalyst for inclusive economic growth.

Keywords

Artificial Intelligence, Employment, Retraining, Upskilling, Pakistan, Workforce Development, Automation, Digital Skills, Economic Growth

Introduction

As we stand on the brink of a technological revolution, artificial intelligence (AI) promises to transform industries, economies, and societies worldwide. For developing countries like Pakistan, this transformation presents both immense opportunities and significant challenges. One of the most pressing issues is the impact of AI on employment and the subsequent need for comprehensive retraining programs. This article explores these challenges and highlights the crucial steps needed to harness AI’s potential while mitigating its adverse effects on the workforce in Pakistan.

The Impact of AI on Employment in Pakistan

AI and automation have the potential to displace a substantial number of jobs, particularly those involving routine and repetitive tasks. In Pakistan, where a significant portion of the workforce is engaged in low-skill, manual labor, this shift can be particularly disruptive. Sectors such as manufacturing, agriculture, and services are at high risk, potentially leading to widespread unemployment and economic instability.

Manufacturing Sector

The manufacturing sector in Pakistan employs millions of people, many of whom are engaged in repetitive and manual tasks. The introduction of AI and automation can enhance productivity and reduce costs, but it also threatens jobs that do not require advanced skills. For example, textile and garment manufacturing, which is a significant part of Pakistan’s economy, could see substantial job losses as automated systems take over tasks such as sewing, cutting, and quality control.

Case Study: The Textile Industry

The textile industry is one of the largest employers in Pakistan, providing jobs to around 15 million people. The introduction of AI-powered machines for tasks such as fabric inspection, pattern making, and cutting has increased efficiency but also raised concerns about job displacement. Companies like Interloop Limited have started integrating AI technologies to improve production processes, highlighting the need for workers to adapt to new roles requiring technical skills.

Agriculture Sector

Agriculture is another vital sector in Pakistan, employing a large portion of the rural population. AI technologies, such as precision farming, automated irrigation, and drone surveillance, have the potential to revolutionize agriculture by increasing efficiency and yield. However, the transition to AI-driven agriculture can displace many traditional farming jobs, creating a need for workers to acquire new skills and adapt to new roles.

Case Study: Precision Farming in Punjab

In Punjab, precision farming techniques using AI and machine learning are being piloted to optimize water usage and improve crop yields. The use of drones for soil and crop monitoring has shown promising results. However, farmers need training in these new technologies to fully benefit from them. The Punjab Agriculture Department has initiated training programs to help farmers transition to AI-based methods.

Services Sector

In the services sector, jobs in retail, customer service, and data entry are particularly vulnerable to automation. AI-driven chatbots, automated checkouts, and robotic process automation (RPA) can replace these roles, leading to job displacement. While AI can create new opportunities in tech-driven services, such as IT and digital marketing, the challenge lies in preparing the existing workforce to transition to these new roles.

Case Study: E-commerce and Retail

The rise of e-commerce platforms like Daraz and the integration of AI in customer service and logistics have transformed the retail landscape in Pakistan. Automated warehouses and AI-driven customer support systems are becoming common. Employees in these sectors need retraining to handle more complex tasks that cannot be automated, such as managing AI systems and providing personalized customer experiences.

Retraining: A Pathway to Sustainable Employment

To address the employment challenges posed by AI, Pakistan must prioritize retraining and upskilling its workforce. Effective retraining programs can help workers transition to new roles, thereby reducing the risk of unemployment and ensuring that economic growth benefits all segments of society. Key strategies for successful retraining in Pakistan include:

  1. Government and Industry Collaboration: Governments and private sector entities must collaborate to design and implement retraining programs that align with market needs. Public-private partnerships can help ensure that training is relevant, up-to-date, and tailored to the specific demands of the local economy. For instance, the collaboration between the Government of Pakistan and technology companies like Microsoft and Google in providing digital skills training is a positive step in this direction.
  2. Accessible Education and Training: Expanding access to education and vocational training is critical. This includes leveraging online platforms and mobile technology to reach remote and underserved populations. Flexible learning options, such as part-time courses and evening classes, can also help workers balance training with existing job commitments. Initiatives like DigiSkills.pk, an online training program launched by the Government of Pakistan, aim to provide free training in digital skills to a million people, making education more accessible.
  3. Focus on Digital Literacy and Soft Skills: While technical skills are essential, digital literacy and soft skills (such as problem-solving, communication, and teamwork) are equally important. Training programs should encompass a broad skill set to prepare workers for a dynamic and interconnected job market. Programs like the Kamyab Jawan Program, which focuses on youth skill development, include modules on soft skills alongside technical training.
  4. Incentives for Lifelong Learning: Encouraging a culture of lifelong learning is vital. Governments can offer incentives, such as tax breaks or subsidies, to both individuals and companies investing in continuous education and upskilling. Recognition of prior learning and certification can also motivate workers to engage in retraining. The Government of Pakistan’s Hunarmand Pakistan Program provides financial support for skill development, promoting lifelong learning.
  5. Monitoring and Evaluation: Implementing robust monitoring and evaluation mechanisms ensures that retraining programs are effective and adaptive. Regular assessment allows for the identification of gaps and the continuous improvement of training initiatives. The establishment of the National Skills Information System (NSIS) in Pakistan aims to collect data on labor market trends, helping to align training programs with market needs.

Case Studies and Best Practices in Pakistan

Several initiatives in Pakistan have already begun to address the employment challenges posed by AI through innovative retraining programs:

DigiSkills.pk

DigiSkills.pk is an online training program launched by the Government of Pakistan with the goal of equipping a million people with digital skills. The program offers courses in freelancing, digital marketing, e-commerce, graphic design, and other areas. By providing free, accessible training, DigiSkills.pk aims to prepare Pakistan’s workforce for the digital economy, enabling them to find new opportunities in the gig economy and tech-driven industries.

Success Story: Freelancing Growth

Since its launch, DigiSkills.pk has trained over a million people, significantly boosting the number of freelancers in Pakistan. This has not only provided employment opportunities but also increased the country’s foreign exchange earnings. Participants have reported significant improvements in their income and job prospects, showcasing the program’s effectiveness.

Kamyab Jawan Program

The Kamyab Jawan Program focuses on youth skill development and entrepreneurship. It offers training in various technical and vocational skills, including IT, engineering, and healthcare. The program also includes modules on soft skills, such as communication and teamwork, ensuring that participants are well-rounded and prepared for the job market. By targeting the youth population, the Kamyab Jawan Program aims to create a skilled workforce ready to take on the challenges and opportunities presented by AI.

Success Story: Youth Empowerment

Through the Kamyab Jawan Program, thousands of young Pakistanis have received training and financial support to start their own businesses. The program has also helped bridge the skills gap in critical sectors such as healthcare and IT, contributing to economic growth and stability. Many participants have successfully transitioned to new careers, reflecting the program’s impact on youth empowerment.

National Vocational and Technical Training Commission (NAVTTC)

NAVTTC is a government body responsible for regulating and promoting vocational and technical training in Pakistan. The commission has launched various initiatives to enhance the skills of the workforce, including partnerships with international organizations and private sector companies. NAVTTC’s focus on modernizing curricula, improving training infrastructure, and providing certification helps ensure that training programs are aligned with industry needs.

Success Story: International Partnerships

NAVTTC’s partnerships with organizations like the British Council and the German Agency for International Cooperation (GIZ) have brought international expertise to Pakistan’s vocational training sector. These collaborations have led to the development of modern training programs and the establishment of state-of-the-art training centers. As a result, trainees are better equipped to meet the demands of a globalized job market.

Challenges and Recommendations

Despite the progress made through these initiatives, Pakistan faces several challenges in fully leveraging AI and addressing employment and retraining needs:

  • Resource Constraints: Limited financial and infrastructural resources can hinder the implementation of comprehensive retraining programs. Increasing investment in education and training infrastructure is crucial to overcoming this barrier.

Recommendation: The government should prioritize budget allocations for education and training, and seek international aid and partnerships to bolster funding. Private sector investment in training programs should be incentivized through tax breaks and subsidies.

  • Awareness and Engagement: Raising awareness about the importance of retraining and upskilling among the workforce and employers is essential. Campaigns to promote the benefits of lifelong learning and the opportunities presented by AI can help increase engagement.

Recommendation: National awareness campaigns highlighting success stories and the economic benefits of retraining can motivate more individuals and companies to participate. Collaborations with media and influencers can amplify these messages.

  • Quality of Training: Ensuring the quality and relevance of training programs is vital. Regular updates to curricula, input from industry experts, and continuous feedback from participants can help maintain high standards.

Recommendation: Establishing an independent body to oversee the quality of training programs and incorporating industry feedback into curriculum development can ensure that training remains relevant and effective.

  • Inclusivity: Making training programs inclusive and accessible to all segments of society, including women, rural populations, and disadvantaged groups, is critical. Tailored approaches to address the specific needs of these groups can help ensure equitable access to opportunities.

Recommendation: Programs should offer targeted support, such as childcare facilities for women, mobile training units for rural areas, and scholarships for disadvantaged groups. Community-based training centers can also improve access.

Conclusion

The advent of AI presents a dual challenge for Pakistan: the potential displacement of existing jobs and the need for a skilled workforce to harness new opportunities. By prioritizing retraining and upskilling, Pakistan can mitigate the negative impacts of AI on employment while fostering inclusive economic growth. Through collaborative efforts between the government, industries, and educational institutions, it is possible to build a resilient workforce ready to thrive in the age of AI.

The upcoming AI for Developing Countries Forum provides an excellent platform to share insights, best practices, and strategies for tackling these challenges. By learning from each other and working together, we can ensure that AI serves as a catalyst for development and prosperity for all.

References

  1. DigiSkills.pk. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://digiskills.pk
  2. Kamyab Jawan Program. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://kamyabjawan.gov.pk
  3. National Vocational and Technical Training Commission (NAVTTC). (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.navttc.gov.pk
  4. Hunarmand Pakistan Program  (n.d.)  Retrieved from https://www.hunarmand.pakistan.gov.pk
  5. Microsoft and Pakistan Collaboration on Digital Skills Training. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.microsoft.com/en-pk

Appendices

Appendix A: Overview of Key AI Technologies Impacting Employment

  1. Automation and Robotics: Machines capable of performing tasks without human intervention.
  2. Machine Learning: Algorithms that enable computers to learn from and make predictions based on data.
  3. Natural Language Processing (NLP): AI’s ability to understand and generate human language.
  4. Computer Vision: AI’s capability to interpret and process visual information.

Appendix B: List of Vocational Training Centers in Pakistan

  1. Technical Education and Vocational Training Authority (TEVTA)
  2. Punjab Vocational Training Council (PVTC)
  3. Sindh Technical Education and Vocational Training Authority (STEVTA)
  4. Khyber  Pakhtunkhwa  Technical  Education  and  Vocational  Training  Authority  (KPTEVTA)
  5. Balochistan Technical Education and Vocational Training Authority (BTEVTA)

Appendix C: Additional Resources for Retraining and Upskilling

  1. Coursera and edX: Online platforms offering courses in AI, machine learning, and other digital skills.
  2. LinkedIn Learning: Provides a variety of professional courses including AI and tech skills.
  3. Udemy: Offers affordable courses on a wide range of technical and vocational skills.

By addressing the challenges and implementing these recommendations, Pakistan can ensure that its workforce is well-prepared for the AI-driven future, fostering sustainable and inclusive economic growth.